原油中有机氯化物的转移脱出技术研究

Study on Chloride Transfer Technology for Removing Organic Chlorides from Crude Oil

随着油田二采、三采原油的劣质化,原油中的有机氯化物含量逐渐增大,由于电脱盐只能脱除无机氯离子,对于有机氯化物则无能为力,而原油中的有机氯化物在蒸馏过程中,在高温与水蒸气的共同作用下水解出氯离子,生成腐蚀性极强的氯化氢,对设备造成了严重的腐蚀,同时极易引起后续装置催化剂的中毒。在借鉴了现有其它领域有机氯化物脱除方法的基础上,根据原油的特点和适用条件,对向原油中加入氯转移剂的脱氯方法进行了研究。研究表明,这种脱氯工艺操作简单,通过电脱盐装置即能脱出80%以上的有机氯,当加入10μg/g的脱氯剂时,原油中有机氯减少2μg/g,当氯转移剂加入量为50μg/g时原油中的有机氯几乎全部转移脱除,蒸馏塔顶中Cl-含量可大幅降低,说明这种脱氯工艺有比较好的脱氯效果。

With the quality of crude oil from second and third oil production becoming increasingly poor, the organic chlorides become increasingly higher. The electro - static desalting process can only remove inorganic chlorine ions instead of organic chlorides. In crude distillation unit, the organic chlorides will hydrolyze into chlorine ions under the effect of high temperature and steam and form corrosive H2S which will corrode the equipment and poison the catalysts in the downstream process units. With the reference to the organic chloride removal techniques in other industries, a chloride transfer process has been studied by adding chloride transfer agent into the crude oil based upon crude oil properties and specific conditions. The study shows that, this chloride removal technology is simple in process. When chloride transfer agent is added to the electro - static desalting unit, over 80% of organic chlorine can removed. When it is added at a dosage of of 10 ppm and 50 ppm, the organic chlorides in crude oil can be reduced to 2 ppm and zero. The increase of Cl- in the overhead of crude distillation unit is the indication of effectiveness of chloride transfer process.