基于原型范畴理论的英汉反义形容词标记性对比研究

A Comparison of the Markedness of Anti-sense Adjectives between English and Chinese Based on Prototype Theory

原型普遍存在于语言范畴之中,是一个范畴的所有事物的集中体现,并为人类认知外部世界提供认知框架。同一范畴内部成员的不对称现象充分体现出了有标记项和无标记项的对立。文章分别对英语、汉语的计量反义词、评价极向性形容词和不具评价极向性形容词中的标记现象及其语义特征进行了分析,并从认知和语用角度探讨了英汉形容词范畴中标记现象产生的原因。

The prototype, existing in the linguistic category, embodies all the things in one category, and of- fers the framework for human cognition of the external world. The asymmetries of members in the same category illustrate fully the opposition of marked and unmarked items. The present paper has made a respective analysis of markedness and semantic feature of anti - sense measurement adjectives, evaluative polarity adjectives and non - evaluative polarity adjectives in Chinese and English, and explored the causes of markedness in the two langua- ges from cognitive and pragmatic perspective.