贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄园土壤肥力特征与空间变异

Soil fertility characteristics and spatial variation in vineyard at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain

通过多点采样分析研究了贺兰山东麓主要酿酒葡萄产区土壤肥力特征及其空间变异特征。结果表明:贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄高产土壤与低产土壤肥力差异明显。依赖化肥的低产田,其土壤速效氮、钾含量高于高产田,且变异系数大,速效磷则相反;高产酿酒葡萄园土壤有机质含量比低产园高4 g/kg左右,且变异系数小。除风沙土外,贺兰山东麓高产酿酒葡萄园有机质含量应大于18 g/kg,碱解氮50 mg/kg,速效磷大于25 mg/kg,速效钾大于140 mg/kg,全盐含量0.5 mg/kg以下。通过施用有机肥增加土壤有机质含量是获取酿酒葡萄适度高产的最有效途径,过量施用化肥尽管可以使速效性氮磷钾含量达到丰富的水平,但不能实现稳产和高产。

Field samples were collected to analyze soil fertility characteristics and its spatial variation in the main wine-grape cultivation area at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain. The results showed that the soil fertility was different significantly between high and low yield fields. Low yield fields which depended on chemical fertilization had higher soil available nitrogen and potassium, and higher variation co- efficiency than high yield field. However, soil available phosphorus had the opposite trend. The organic matter content in high yield field was 4 g/kg higher than low yield yard accompanied with small variation co-efficiency. Besides sandy soil, the high yield field at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain should have more than 18 g/kg organic matter, 50 mg/kg available N, 25 mg/kg available P, 140 mg/kg available K, and less than 0.5 mg/kg total salts. The best way to get reasonable high yield in this area was to apply organic fertilizer. Too much chemical fertilizer application could increase available N, P, K rapidly, but it could lead to production fluctuation easily.