俄罗斯留学生学习动态助词“了”的偏误分析

The Analysis of Errors Made by Russian Students in the Study of the Aspect Particles "1e" in Modern Chinese

现代汉语动态助词"了"、"着"、"过"是对外汉语教学的重点和难点,而"了"的用法又是其中最难的。俄语属于印欧语系,主要依靠动词的形态变化来表示动作时态,这一特点对俄罗斯留学生学习汉语动态助词既有积极的影响,也有阻碍。从句法、语义和语用等角度进行分析,俄罗斯留学生在学习汉语动态助词"了"的过程中产生许多偏误,可以通过汉、俄语比较和汉语内部语义、语法比较,在教学中适时地解决俄罗斯学生的学习讹误。

Being an obscurity to Russian students, aspect particles ＂1 e＂ in modern Chinese is one of the most difficult grammars in teaching Chinese to foreign students. The errors in the sentences with ＂ le＂ made by Russian students are analyzed. The main reasons are the negative transfer of the students＇ mother tongue, intralanguage overgeneralization, confusion of similar structures, interlanguage interference and overgeneralization.