日本农业与农村的现状及危机

Present Situation and Crisis of Japan's Agriculture and Rural Areas

在过去的近五个世纪里,日本农业维护了日本国民的生活和产业,而日本农村和农民不但维持了农业的发展,也为国民提供了粮食,为其他产业提供了健康、勤劳的劳动力,还维护了山野、森林、河川和道路,为国民生活和国民经济作出了巨大的贡献。从20世纪50年代至70年代,日本进入经济高度增长时期,农村过剩人口被工商业迅速地吸收,逐步出现了兼业化、混住化、农村人口的老龄化现象,从而导致了自治村落的衰退。进入21世纪,日本的大额资本流向国外,大量便宜的农产品流入国内,农户数量急速减少,荒地废耕现象大量出现,"限界村落"(荒村)数量急速增加,农协的合并与组织弱体化已无法阻止,农产品的自给率在不断下降。如何从这样的困境中走出来,是摆在每一个日本国民面前的重大课题。

For the last five centuries Japan＇s agriculture has played an predommant role m mmntmnmg Japanese people＇s livelihood and possession. Farmers in villages not only maintained the development of agriculture, they also fed the Japanese people and provided labor necessary for other industries, meanwhile, helped to protect the hills, forest, rivers and roads, made a tremendous contribution on the path of Japan＇s modernization. However, nowadays agriculture and rural areas in Japan have been pushed to the verge of crisis. From 1950s to 1970s, Japan had achieved a high economic growth. As the result of rural surplus labor being absorbed by other industries, subsidiary business and aging population became common problems, which led to the decline of self-governing village. After entering 21st century, as the capital flows out of the country and tons of cheap agricultural products are arable land is being abandoned with a imported into Japan, the number of growing number of deserted villages farmers is declining. More and more ~ The self-sufficiency of agricultural products is dropping constantly and nothing can stop the mergence and weakening of agricultural cooperatives. How to deal with this predicament has become the major issue ahead of Japanese people.