试论岳石文化北向发展态势

A Preliminary Discussion on the Northward Movement of the Yueshi Culture

岳石文化在山东以北地区的发展态势,学术界向有歧见。本文通过对考古资料的深入分析和对比研究,认为岳石文化在渤海西岸持续北上至唐山一带,在东侧则是从胶东半岛渡渤海海峡北进辽东半岛南端。其北扩态势既有历史渊源,也因中原地区强大的二里头文化的挤压和豫北冀南先商文化的崛起。岳石文化这种北向扩展的态势收缩于二里头文化晚期,当与夏末夏桀东征东夷有关,而与中商时期的仲丁东征东夷无涉。

The academic community has offered different perceptions about the development of Yueshi culture in the Northern Shandong area. Through in-depth analysis of the archaeological materials and comparative studies, this article argues that the Yueshi Culture＇s northward migration utilized two routes. The first route was along the western shore of the Bohai Sea to arrive in the Tangshan area and the second crossed the Baohai Bay from the Jiaodong Peninsula to arrive at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. This northward migration was not only influenced by the Yueshi culture＇s own historic conditions, but was also an ignited result of strong neighboring cultures including the Erlitou in Central Plain, and the newly deveioped Pre-Shang cultures in the Northern Henan and Southern Hebei regions. The Yueshi Culture ceased northern migration during the late Erlitou period, as Jie of Xia conquered the Dongyi （the Eastern barbarians） at the end of the Xia era. There is no correlated relationship between the discontinuation of the Yueshi culture northward migrations and Zhongding of Shang, who once attacked the Dongyi in the middle Shang dynasty.