中、老年人甲状腺结节的超声显像特点及其诊断价值

Ultrasonographic features of thyroid nodule and their diagnostic value in middle-aged and aged people

目的探讨中、老年人甲状腺结节超声显像特点及其诊断价值。方法对154例中、老年干部甲状腺检查的高频彩色多普勒超声图像资料进行回顾性分析,将其按年龄分为5组:40～<50岁组、50～<60岁组、60～<70岁组、70～<80岁组及80～<90岁组;按是否检出甲状腺结节分为结节组及正常组。结果 154例体检者中发现甲状腺肿块85例(55.19%),且均为甲状腺结节,其中40～<50岁组检出率为20.00%,50～<60岁组检出率为25.00%,60～<70岁组检出率为48.39%,70～<80岁组检出率为68.97%,80～<90岁组检出率为75.93%,随着年龄的增长,结节的发病率呈明显上升趋势。结节直径约2～25mm,结节以低回声(68.23%)及多发结节(76.47%)为主,边界较清晰,少部分为囊性或囊实混合性。结节内血流信号多为0级(92.94%)。结节组与正常组体检者比较,仅右侧叶前后径的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组其余甲状腺径线测值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高频彩色多普勒超声对诊断中、老年人甲状腺结节具有较高的敏感性,可作为其辅助检查的首选方法。

Objective To probe into ultrasonographic features of thyroid nodule and their diagnostic value in middle-aged and aged people.Methods High-frequency color Doppler ultrasonographic thyroid images of 154 middle-aged and aged cadres were respectively analyzed.They were divided into 5 groups according to their ages： 40-50 years old group,50-60 years old group,60-70 years old group,70-80 years old group and 80-90 years old group,and were divided into nodular group and normal group according to whether the thyroid nodules were detected.Results Physical examination revealed that thyroid lumps in 85 of the 154 cases（55.19%）,which were all thyroid nodules.Among them,detectable rate was 20.00% in 40-50 years old group,25.00% in 50-60 years old group,48.39% in 60-70 years old group,68.97% in 70-80 years old group and 75.93% in 80-90 years old group.The incidence of nodules showed an obviously increasing tendency with increasing age.Nodules were about 2-25 mm in diameter,and were predominantly low-echo nodules（68.32%） and multiple nodules（76.47%）,with clear boundary.A few of them were cystic or cystic-solid mixed.Most of the blood flow signals in nodules were in zero grade（92.94%）.The differences only in right lateral anteroposterior diameter between nodule group and normal group were statistically significant（P0.05）,but not in the other thyroid diameters（P0.05）.Conclusion High frequency color Doppler ultrasonography is of relatively high sensitivity for the diagnosis of thyroid nodule in middle-aged and aged people,and could be used as a preferred method for its accessory examination.