考虑电动汽车换电站与电网互动的机组组合问题研究

Research on Unit Commitment Considering Interaction Between Battery Swapping Station and Power Grid

大规模电动汽车换电站接入电网后,其充放电行为将给系统优化运行带来新的挑战。将电动汽车换电站引入传统机组组合问题中,提出考虑换电站与电网互动的机组组合(unit commitment,UC)新模型。在深入研究电动汽车电池更换物理过程的基础上,以常规机组的发电成本、启动成本和考虑换电站充放电净负荷的方差为目标函数,考虑了换电站的充放电效率、电量平衡和满足日换电需求的最小储能等约束,形成机组组合问题优化新模型。通过换电站充、放电过程优化,降低机组出力的调整频率,提高电网安全运行的经济性。最后,在10机电力系统模型上进行算例仿真分析,验证所提模型的有效性和正确性。

Large-scale integration of battery swapping station （BSS） into power system would bring extensive impacts on power system operation. In this paper, BSS of electric vehicles （EV） was taken account into basic unit commitment, thus a new unit commitment model considering BSS with charging/discharging was proposed for the first time. Based on the research on physical process of battery replacement, the objective was developed with production cost and startup cost of thermal generations, variance function of total load with BSS charging/discharging power. Also it subjected to many constraints including power balance with charging/discharging efficiency, energy storage limits and the minimum storage energy for battery replacement demand. Through the optimization of unit commitment （UC） considering interaction between BSS and power grid, the operation cost of power system is reduced a lot. Furthermore, variance optimization in objective improves the adjustment of unit output efficiently. Finally, the effectiveness and validity of proposed model are illustrated by 10-unit system.