人工材料修复运动性骨损伤:材料的生物学特性

Artificial materials for repair of sports injuries: Biological properties of these materials

背景:传统复位和外固定技术对骨裂、规则性骨折等轻伤性骨折能起到较好的治疗效果,而对关节等部位的复杂骨折治疗效果不理想,目前人工生物材料在骨损伤治疗中逐步成熟与多样化。目的:对骨损伤治疗的材料学措施进行综述,并对相关材料的性质尤其生物相容性对人体的免疫反应进行分类与分析。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed、维普和万方数据库中1990/2011关于损伤性骨折治疗及其材料学方面的文章,在标题和摘要中以"骨,生物材料,生物学特性"或"bone,biological materials,biological properties"为检索词进行检索。选择文章内容与骨损伤治疗措施及材料学相关,同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章。初检得到194篇文献,根据纳入标准选择24篇文章进行综述。结果与结论:骨科疾病中,受暴力运动冲击造成的损伤性骨折是致病的主要因素,骨修复及骨移植材料的研制经历了漫长的过程,运用材料学手段进行治疗的措施日趋成熟。从内固定材料、金属假体材料以及骨组织工程支架材料的选择研制和临床应用来看,良好的生物相容性是骨修复人工生物材料必备的的特征和运用的基础,也是各种材料在实践运用工程中必须面临和克服的难题。

BACKGROUND： Traditional reduction and external fixation techniques have a better therapeutic effect on bone crack and regulated fractures, while they are not satisfactory in the treatment of complex fractures. The current biomaterials for bone injuries become gradually mature and diversified. OBJECTIVE： To review the material measures for treatment of bone injuries, and to classify and analyze the properties of relevant materials, especially their biocompatibility to human immune responses. METHODS： A computer-based search of PubMed, VIP and Wanfang databases （1990/2011） was performed for artificial materials for treatment of traumatic fractures using the keywords of ＂bone, biological materials, biological properties＂ in English and Chinese. Relevant articles published recently or in authorized journals were preferred. Among 194 retrieved articles, only 24 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Violent movement is the main factor for traumatic fractures. Bone repair and bone graft materials have been developed through a long process, and the use of materials science becomes gradually mature. Based on the selection, development and clinical application of internal fixation materials, metal implants and bone tissue engineering materials, good biocompatibility of artificial biomaterials is an essential basis for bone repair, but it is also a difficulty and challenge in the use of a variety of materials.