论古典修辞学与尼采早期的修辞观

On Ancient Rhetoric and Early Nietzsche's Rhetoric Theory

古典修辞学中充满着大量现代性的因素。尼采早期的文章中为修辞学正名,要确立一种"修辞认识论"。他认为一切语言皆为修辞,一切对世界的理解和认识也都是修辞;修辞并不展现世界的"真相",这并不是因为修辞没有真理追求,而是由于真理的修辞本性使我们只能拥有"完全拟人化的真理"。这样的修辞不是"用",乃是"体";不只是语言运用的"技术",更是一门高深的"艺术"。

There were so many modern things in ancient rhetoric that Nietzsche called people to know it from the traditional point in his early works from which the epistemology of rhetoric was born.In Nietzsche＇s opinion,every language and our knowledge about the world in fact were rhetoric.Rhetoric didn＇t show the truth of the world and the reason was not that it didn＇t pursue the truth but the rhetoric of truth which made us only have the anthropomorphic truth.Finally he made a conclusion that rhetoric played the rule of the lead not the supporting in the play of language for which it wasn＇t only the technology of language but also a kind of art in the use of language.