公共话题转换为个人话语:修辞化及其限度

From Public Topic to Personal Discourse: Rhetoricalization and its Limitation

公共话题转换为话语,有两种方向性选择:公共话语或个人话语。排除公共话语出场的刚性条件,本文倾向于在表意明确的语用环境下选择个人话语,这是基于目标受众、时空限制、话语模式可复制性、关键词新颖度、未知信息/已知信息含量、语用成本、受众能量消耗等方面的综合考量。选择修辞化的个人话语,有利于重建"表达—接受"互动过程中的共同点,激发"人是修辞的动物"的潜能。个人话语是思想空间和认知向度的修辞化突围,但不是"去公共化",相反,前者并不拒绝非个人话语资源。非个人话语资源如何组织进个人话语的修辞结构,而又能摆脱公共话语压力,是表达者的个人智慧,也是心灵自由的话语表征。

There are polar opposite ways by which public topic is developed into discourse： by way of public discourse and by way of personal discourse.Ruling out the pre-requisites of public discourse,this article tends to favour the way of personal discourse in ostensive context,based on considerations of target audience,time and space context,the reproductivity of speech mode,the novelty of Key words,the amount of unknown/known information,pragmatic cost-effectiveness,audience interpretation efforts,etc.The choice for the rhetoricalization of personal discourse helps to reconstruct the shared focus in the ＂expressionreceiptance＂ interative process,tapping the potentials of ＂humans as rhetorical beings＂.Personal discourse is the breakthrough in rhetoricalization of thoughts and cognitive orientation,which is by no means a process of de-publicization;on the contrary,personal discourse does not resist discourse resources other than personal.How non-personal discourse resources are woven into personal discourse demonstrates the wit of the addressor,and is the discourse representation of a free mind.