可燃及毒性气体扩散研究

Study on the Dispersion of Flammable and Toxic Gases

从气体动力学入手,通过对气体微元进行质量平衡、动量平衡、能量平衡的分析,采用了新的扩散模型对危险性气体的扩散进行数值模拟,为了验证模型的合理性,设计简易风洞,对轻重气体(包括二氧化碳、丙烯、乙炔等气体)在不同的泄放条件下进行了多次定常风洞扩散试验,得到了气体实际扩散后浓度的分布,同时也考察了风速、泄放速率、气体密度等主要因素对气体扩散的影响,得到气体扩散的一般规律。模型计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,最大浓度计算值与试验值的平均偏差在20%以内,且浓度分布趋势一致,从而证明了该模型的合理性。

Based on conservation of mass, energy and momentum of air dynamics, the numerical simulations of dangerous gases dispersion with new model has been made. For the purpose of verifying the math model, the simple dispersion wind tunnel was designed. Many stable release dispersion experiments of heavy and light gases (including carbon dioxide, propylene, acetylene, etc.) were conducted, the distribution of released gas was got. The influences of wind speed, discharge of disperse, density of gases were examined. The results of dispersion model were in good agreement with the results of dispersion experiments. The error between computing model and experiment was less than twenty percent, and the tendency of concentration was concordant, which proved the rationality of the math model. The software could provide suitable means for preventing the leakage of dangerous gases and remedying after leakage.