论黑格尔《美学》中的神性思想

On the deity in Aesthetics by Hegel

"神性"一语在黑格尔的《美学》一书中频频出现,"神性"问题在黑格尔美学思想中占有重要地位。"美是理念的感性显现",而"理念"在实质上便等同于"上帝"、"神"、"普遍精神"、"绝对心灵"等用语,有着深厚的宗教与神学的内涵。"神性"当指种种普遍的精神力量或内化的心灵实体,如智慧、勇敢、忠贞等等;通过人的具体形象去表现普遍的神性精神是黑格尔心目中最高的艺术理想,诸神、英雄、圣徒等等这些"神性的东西"成为理想艺术的表现中心,而古希腊雕塑、史诗、悲剧以及中世纪的宗教绘画与骑士传奇则成为理想艺术的典范。因此,黑格尔特别反对与神性精神相悖的种种因素作为艺术表现的中心,包括抽象概念、有限现实、有限心灵等。

As deity is repeatedly discussed in Aesthetics by Hegel, it becomes prominent in that beauty is sensational appearance, while conception embodies God, saint, universal spirit or unconditional mind that is filled with religious and theological implications. Deity may turn to symbolize wisdom, courage, and loyalty. By the same token, Gods, heroes, saints become the mortals of images in arts as in the ancient Greek sculptures, epics and tragedies. In the end, Hegel especially opposes the abstract artistic concepts, conditional reality and mind in their works.