“是”与“真”、“空”与“觉”——僧肇佛学的主题

"Being" and "True","Empty" and "Enlightened"——Topic of Monk Chao's philosophy of Buddhism

从四个层面入手,探讨僧肇佛学的逻辑进程。第一,有无思维建立在"是"的哲学观念基础上,并试图对事物作出是与非、真与假的判断,僧肇对此加以批驳,认为如果不对"是"的思路加以反思,就无法明确大乘佛学对于"真"的认识;第二,经由对"是"的相关思维的批判,僧肇佛学使大乘佛学在"真"观念上的见解凸显出来;第三,借助于《中论》的论证,僧肇认识到大乘般若学的"真"观念与"空"的学说相联系,从而实现了"真"与"空"的辩证反转;第四,通过"空"的真相肯认与"真如实相"的呈现,大乘佛教所倡导的"觉"顺而就在逻辑与宗教悲情上获得了圆成。

This paper deals with the logic process of Monk Chao＇s philosophy of Buddhism in four aspects. First, as the thinking of having and non-having is constructed on the basis of philosophical concept of ＂being＂ and attempts to make an adjustment on ＇right＇ or ＇wrong＇ and ＇true＂ or ＇false＇ of affairs, Monk Chao refuted the above thinking holding that if not introspecting the thinking train of ＂being＂, it was unable to ascertain the recognition of the Mahayana Buddhism on ＂true＂. Second, through the criticism on related thinking of ＂being＂, Monk Chao＇s philosophy of Buddhism enables the view of the concept of ＂being true＂ of the Mahayana Buddhism to be highlighted. Third, with the help of the argumenta- tion in the Madhyamaka Shastra, Monk Chao recognized that the ＂true＂ concept of the Mahaprajna-paramita-sutra was related to the theory of ＂empty＂, thus realizing the dialectical reversal of ＂true empty＂. Fourth, through the confirmation of ＂true＂ of the Mahaprajna-paramita-sutra and the appearance of the presentation of ＂thusness＂, the ＂enlight- enment＂ advocated by Mahayana became ripe in logic and religious pathos accordingly.