清代漕运官员的沿革、职能、权力博弈与漕弊——以漕运总督为视角的历史考察

Qing water transport administration officials evolution,function,power game and cao Malpractice——from the perspective of history water transport governor

漕运是清代封建国家之血脉,对于维持中央政府政治、军事、经济的正常运转有着巨大的意义。作为主管漕粮运输事务的漕运总督,与仓场总督、河道总督等专业技术性大员一样,共同构成了机构健全、管理完善、分工明确的国家漕运系统。除掌控漕粮收兑、运船修造、漕丁检选、查验回空、催攒漕欠外,漕运总督还担负着部分河道、仓储、盐政、屯田、赈济、军事事务,在封建国家行政体制上的位置异常重要,甚至与清朝国运息息相关。

Transport is the Qing Dynasty feudal state of blood, for the maintenance of the central government political, military, economic normal operation have great significance. As a supervisor of grain transport services governor,With the warehouse field governor, fiver governor and other professional technical officers,constitute the body of sound,well-managed,cleat, division of the national transportation system. In addition to control the grain redemptions, ship repair, personnel pick, check back, urge save Caojing owe, the governor also plays the part of fiver transport,warehousing, salt, Mita, relief, military affairs,in the feudal state administrative system on location is extremely important,even with the closely related to the Qing dynasty fate.