线型无线传感网低能耗协议设计和分析

Design and analysis of low energy protocol for linear wireless sensor network

为了可靠监控长输管道阴极保护设备的状态,基于线型无线传感器网络建立了远程辅助监控系统,并提出了适合线型无线传感网的低能耗、高可靠协议组.协议组包括数据上行时采用的分簇融合链式多跳协议(CMCH),以及数据下行或报警发布时采用的单步唤醒泛洪协议(SRWF).CMCH协议基于线型无线传感网的能耗特征,在可靠传输的同时控制功率、融合数据以实现节能;SRWF协议在不同频段上利用射频唤醒机制依次启动相关睡眠节点完成信息转发,保证控制或报警信息发布的实时性.在OMNet++仿真平台上模拟了CMCH协议,并且监控系统已部署在某石油长输管道运行了2个月.结果表明,协议关键参数的选择对低能耗实现有重要影响;现场运行的传输可靠性达到了99%;无线传感网节点簇能量消耗相对均衡.

In order to effectively monitor pipeline cathode protection equipment, a remote auxiliary moni- toring system based on linear wireless sensor network was built up, and a set of protocols with low power and high reliability was also proposed. The protocol set included clustered fusion and chain-style multi- hop protocol （CMCH） for uploading data and stepped radio-awaken flooding protocol （SRWF） for issu- ing downstream data or alarm. Based on energy consumption model of linear wireless sensor networks, mechanisms of power control and data fusion were applied in CMCH protocol to support power conserva- tion with reliable transmission. Flooding agreement with time stamp was optimized by SRWF protocol to issue commands from remote centre or alarm from fault nodes on time. CMCH protocol was simulated on OMNet ＋ ＋ platform, and the monitoring system has been deployed in long-buried oil pipeline for 2 months. The results show that it is important to choose key protocol parameter for low power requirement from simulation data. Every cluster in linear wireless sensor networks is of energy balance from field ope- ration data with transmission reliability of monitoring system up to 99%.