评贝叶斯主义和证伪主义的特设性标准

On the Adhocness Standard of Bayesianism and Falsificationism

迪昂-蒯因问题涉及整体论与还原论之争。按照整体论观点,实验结果面对的是理论整体,一个证据只能反驳一组假设,那么一个证据反驳某一单个假设如何可能?通常的做法是,通过修改辅助性假说或者添加特设性假设的方法来保护中心理论不受指责。虽然特定的特设性假说在直觉上相当容易估计,但对于一般运用的标准还是颇有争议。

Duhem Quine topic concerns the dispute between holism and reductionism. From the perspective of holism, the experiment result faces the overall theory with a piece of evidence retorting only a series of hypothesis, then how to retort a single hypothesis with a piece of evidence？ Generally, in order to prevent the central theory from criticizing, we will modify the auxiliary hypothesis or add ad hoc hypothesis. Although it is quite easy to estimate specific ad hoc hypothesis by instinct, disputes still exist in the sense of operational standard. This paper intends to evaluate objectively on the different standards and principles of Bayesianism and FalsiFicationism.