天津市2010年儿童疫苗接种率现状调查

Investigation of vaccination coverage of children in Tianjin in 2010

目的了解天津市适龄儿童各种疫苗免疫接种率和未种原因及影响因素,为制订免疫策略提供依据。方法采用PPS抽样法抽取调查单位,调查适龄儿童管理情况及各疫苗接种率。白喉抗体检测采用酶联免疫吸附试验进行定量检测,估算接种率。用卡方检验进行统计分析。结果天津市儿童建卡率、建证率均>99%,卡证符合率为93.75%;各疫苗基础免疫接种率均>95%。本市儿童接种率高于流动儿童,有统计学意义(P<0.05),市区儿童接种率高于农村儿童。疫苗未种原因中64.15%为因儿童患病而未种。预约方式是影响五苗全程接种率的因素。百白破疫苗估算接种率和调查接种率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论天津市通过疫苗免疫获得的免疫屏障已经达到预防相应传染病的水平,但流动儿童和农村地区的免疫规划工作仍需加强。

Objective To understand the various vaccination coverage of target age children,no vaccination reason and the influential factors in Tianjin in 2010 for providing the basis for the development of vaccination management strategies.Methods Vaccination units,management of target age children and vaccination rate were selected by PPS.IgG antibodies to diphtheria were measured by ELISA.Data were analyzed by X2.Results The building certificate and card rate were more than 99% with the rate of compatible certificate-card was 93.75%.Various baseline vaccination coverage of children in Tianjin were more than 95%.The vaccination coverage in local children were higher than in floating children,showing statistical significance（P0.05）.The vaccination coverage in urban were higher than in rural.64.15% of children without vaccination were ill.Appointment ways for next vaccination is the influential factor of vaccination coverage.The estimated and investigated coverage of Pertussis-Diphtheria-Tetanus triple vaccine have no statistical significance（P0.05）.Conclusion The vaccination coverage in Tianjin reached the corresponding level of preventing transmissible diseases.Immunization program be strengthened among floating and urban children.