火灾中的灾害医学问题

Disaster medicine in fire

随着现代化进程的逐渐发展，城市中高大建筑火灾越来越频发，造成的伤亡损失越来越严重。如何应对火灾及大量烧伤事件，准确的院外调查、科学的检伤分类、充分调动当地紧急救援体系和相关公共资源机构是保证救援高效率和高效果的关键。火灾伤员的紧急救治，主要针对大量的体液丢失、气道的吸人性损伤、有毒气体的中毒窒息等火灾致伤特点来进行预防和治疗，同时精神心理救援也越来越成为灾害救援的重要内容。加强火灾的教育监督、完善提高防火设施，对于预防火灾、减少伤亡和其他损失至关重要。

Along with development of modernization, injuries and losses caused by fire were seen frequently in metropolitan areas. Factors such as responding to such fires and a large number of burns, informative pre-hospital survey preparation, effective on-site triage, and coordination of local emergency medical system and related public resources, compose a key role to ensure the relief efficiently and effectively. The emergency treatment in fire shall focus on body fluid loss, airway inhalation injury, poisoning and suffocation by toxic gas. Simultaneously, psychological relief is increasingly becoming important. Education on fire and improve anti-fire system in building are essential for fire prevention and as a result of avoiding casualties and economic losses.