我国九省眼病调查中江苏省启东市50岁及以上人群盲和中、重度视力损伤患病率调查

Prevalence of blindness and moderate and severe visual impairment among adults aged 50 years or above in Qidong City of Jiangsu Province： the China Nine-Province Survey

目的调查2006年江苏省启东市50岁及以上人群盲和中、重度视力损伤的患病率、致盲原因及其相关因素。方法以人群为基础的横断面调查。2006年9—12月对江苏省启东市50岁及以上人群进行视力和眼部检查。采用整群随机抽样方法抽取16个调查点，正式现场调查之前先进行预试验，并进行保证调查质量的重复性检验。根据村户口本逐户检录调查对象，对受检人群进行视力和眼部检查。按年龄、性别、受教育程度分别计算盲和中、重度视力损伤的患病率。各检测数据间的比较采用x^2检验和趋势x^2检验。结果在检录的5662人中，5141人接受并完成了检查，受检率为90．80％。以世界卫生组织1973年视力损伤分类标准和最佳矫正视力计算，盲91例，患病率为1．77％；中、重度视力损伤175例，患病率为3．40％。以世界卫生组织1973年视力损伤分类标准和日常生活视力计算，盲113例，患病率为2．20％；中、重度视力损伤354例，患病率为6．89％。以最佳矫正视力计算，高龄（趋势X^2=825．16，P=0．000）、女性（X^2=19．85，P=0．001）和文盲（趋势X^2=329．85，P=0．000）人群的盲和中、重度视力损伤的患病率增高。白内障是致盲的首要原因。结论江苏省启东市高龄和文盲中盲和中、重度视力损伤患病率较高，致盲的主要原因依次为白内障、眼底病、屈光不正、角膜瘢痕或混浊。

Objective To estimate the prevalence of blindness and low vision among older adults aged i〉50 years in Qidong City of Jiangsu Province, China, in 2006. Methods Cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting 5662 individuals aged 1〉50 years from September to December 2006 in 16 clusters in Qidong City. The survey was preceded by a pilot study where operational methods were refined and quality assurance evaluation was carried out. All participants were enumerated through village registers followed door-to-door visits. Eligible individuals were invited to receive visual acuity measurement and eye examination. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata/SE Statistical Software, release 9. 0 . Chi-square test was used to investigate the association of age, gender and education with presenting and best corrected visual acuity. Results Five thousands six hundreds and sixty-two individuals were recruited, the response rate was 90. 80%. Based on the criteria of World Health Organization visual impairment classification in 1973,91 persons were diagnosed as blindness, 175 persons were diagnosed as moderate and severe visual impairment defined as best corrected visual acuity, the prevalence of blindness and moderate and severe visual impairment were 1.77% and 3.40% respectively. One hundred and thirteen persons were diagnosed as blindness,354 persons were diagnosed as moderate and severe visual impairment defined as presenting visual acuity, the prevalence of blindness and moderate and severe visual impairment were 2. 20% and 6. 89% respectively. The prevalence of blindness and moderate and sever visual impairment was higher in aged（ trend ~2 = 825. 16, P = 0. 000）, female （ ~2 = 19. 85, P = 0. 001 ）, and illiterate persons （ trend ~z = 329.85,P = 0. 000）. The leading cause of blindness was cataract. Conclusions Blindness and low vision are associated with older age and illiterates in Qidong City. According to presenting visual acuity, the causes leading to blindness and low vision are, in descending order, cataract, ocular fundus disease, refractive error and cornea disease.