论“民初”农商总长张謇及其施政理念

On Zhang Jian,the Minister of Commerce and Industry and His Governance Ideas in the First Years of the Republic of China

"民初"张謇出任农商总长,既是袁世凯渴望已久的事情,又是袁世凯加强中央集权的重要表征,也是袁世凯极力渗透和控制实业的重要手段。当然也是众望所归,当仁不让之举。张謇在其任内,顺应时代发展的要求,大胆改革,勇于创新,提出一系列发展实业的真知灼见,如整顿官业,助长民业;重视棉铁;对实业"扶之植之防维之,又涵濡而发育之"等,以乞灵于法律、求助于金融、改良于税则、致力于奖助等具体措施促进实业的发展,为民初社会经济的发展作出了重大贡献,促进了中国早期现代化的进程。但其许多施政理念具有深远的意义,仍值得我们今天借鉴。

Zhang Jian becoming the minister of Agriculture and Commerce is the long-awaited thing to Yuan Shikai,which is an important characterization of strengthening centralization strongly and an important means of control of agriculture and industry.Of course,it meets people＇s aspirations.Zhang Jian in his office,with the requirements of the times,insisted on bold reform and innovation,made a series of insights into the industrial,social and economic development such as regulating official industry,help civilian industry,and emphasizing cotton and iron production with a policy of helping,preventing and developing enterprises,and resorting to the law,finance,taxation and grants to promote enterprises development.which made a major contribution to the social and economic development and promoted China＇s early modernization.Affected by the political and economic factors home and abroad,Zhang Jian＇s ideas of governance was not implemented.However,many of its governance ideas have far-reaching significance,which is still worth learning today.