“民国”时期的东北移民潮探析

The Research of the Northeast Migration during the Period of the Republic of China

关内各省向东北移民,在"民国"时期形成了空前的高潮,大多属于自主性的人口流动,一方面由人民自发形成,另一方面则由政府提倡促成。这些移民多来自山东、河北、河南等省,他们通过海路、铁路、陆路进入东北,而且大多北上,寻求生存。"民国"时期东北的移民分为三个阶段,1927年—1930年是东北移民高潮兴起阶段,每年约百万人。移民进入东北后,在南满地区留居的很少,大多数移民则沿中东铁路继续北进,散布于吉、黑各县及鸭绿江流域带。在"民国"时期的移民高潮中,移入东北的居民还有外国人,如朝鲜人等。这种大规模的移民现象,不但促进了东北人口的迅猛增涨,加速了东北各民族的融合,而且也加速了东北各地特别是东北北部的开发。

People from provinces west to Shanhai Guan form the climax of the migration wave into the Northeast region during the Republican period,which was a spontaneous flow of population caused by people＇s spontaneity as well as government＇s promotion.The immigrants from Shandong Province,Hebei Province and Henan Province came into the Northeast region by sea,railways and roads and went Northward in order to earn a living.In the period of the Republic of China,the migration was divided into three phases.From 1927 to 1930,it was the beginning of the migration wave and about one million people crowded to the Northeast,the majority of whom came northward continuously along the railways and scattered living in Jilin,Heilongjiang and Yalu River,with only a small number staying in South Manzhou.In the climax of the migration wave during the Republican period,even the foreigners settled down here such as Koreans.Such large scale of migration wave not only promoted population growth in the Northeast,but also sped up the development of the Northeast region,especially the north part of Northeast.