主观位移结构的位移表征——从英汉对比的角度

The Motion Elements in Subjective Motion Construction:A Contrastive Perspective

以往研究认为,汉语主观位移表达受到位移动词、位移方向和视线移动限制,但语料考察没有发现上述限制。从语言对比的角度分析,下列主观位移表征是英汉共性表现:1)使用的动词类型及其语义侧显基本一致,表现为以路径动词为主,方式动词及其方式义受到抑制;2)对时空感知的概念化基本一致,都有视觉主体位移和"移向/移离目标"的视线位移表达;3)位移方向表达丰富,汉语表现为趋向词和指示词的多种组合。

Previous research claims that the expression of subjective motion is constrained by directionality and motion of view in the Chinese language.Based on a corpus study and a contrastive analysis,this paper claims that the above analysis is deviant from the Chinese fact.Three common features are observed from both English and Chinese patterns:(1) consistent in the use of subjective types and their semantic profiles,reflected in the path-verb dominance and the suppression of manner verbs and their manner senses;(2) consistent in the conceptualization of spatial-temporal perception,manifested in the use of motion-of-subject expressions and the zooming-in/zooming-out patterns of motion of view;(3) rich in expressions of motion directions,shown as a combination of directional words and deixis in the Chinese subjective patterns.