从多维视角解读悲剧大师尤金·奥尼尔笔下的女性形象

Three Approaches to Study the Female Characters in Eugene O'Neill's Plays

剧作家尤金·奥尼尔是美国戏剧界唯一的诺贝尔文学奖获得者,也是20世纪以来坚持严肃思考现代人的命运和精神世界的现代悲剧大师之一,其笔下的女性也具有无限挖掘的思想深度和艺术深度。本文将从三个视角解读其笔下的女性形象。第一,从社会历史背景视角来解读,其塑造了在男权社会下形成强烈反差的两类女性,一类是扭曲、消极的"泣者",一类是坚强、抗争的"歌者"。第二,从创作原型视角来解读其剧作中自传色彩下的"圣母"与"妓女"形象。第三,从精神分析学视角解读其笔下女性人物的心理特征及其蕴藏的原始情结。

Playwright Eugene O＇Neill is the only Nobel Prize winner in the history of American drama. Approaching from three perspectives of criticizing theories, this paper probes into the female characters depicted in his plays. Part one, by studying from the social and historical background, the females are categorized into the group of depressed and pessimistic ones and the group of rebellious yet courageous ones. Part two, it interprets the images of ＂godmother＂ and ＂prostitute＂ in an autobiographical sense. Part three, with the analysis of the theories of psychologist Freud, it reveals the ancient complex that haunts the female characters and the humankind as a whole.