初中生目睹特大火灾后的心理健康状况

Mental health status of junior middle school students after witnessing big building fire

目的:探讨目睹火灾对初中学生创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、焦虑及抑郁症状的影响。方法:采用方便抽样方法抽取距某特大火灾现场200米某中学六年级及初一、初二3个年级全体387名学生为研究组,抽取另一区与研究学校性质、等级相匹配的某中学六年级及初一、初二3个年级全体480名学生为对照组,对全体被试施测埃森儿童青少年创伤问卷(ETI-KJ)中文版、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)。结果:研究组PTSD及疑似PTSD检出率高于对照组(均P<0.05),SCARED量表广泛性焦虑及躯体化/惊恐因子分高于对照组(均P<0.05),DSRSC量表总分低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组焦虑(SCARED总分≥23分)、抑郁(DSRSC总分≥15分)症状检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。女性(OR=1.90)、既往经历创伤(OR=5.67)及来自目睹火灾学校(OR=1.61)者更易出现PTSD症状。结论:目睹特大火灾的初中学生可能会出现创伤后应激障碍及广泛性焦虑、躯体化/惊恐等症状,在进行灾后心理支持及危机干预时需重视目睹学生的心理健康。

Objective： To explore the post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD）, anxiety and depression symp- toms of junior high school students after witnessing big building fire. Methods： In the middle school which was 200 meters away from a big building fire, all 387 students from grade 6, 7 and 8 were sampled as the study group. Another middle school which was matched with the study school in the school nature and level was selected and the total 480 students from grade 6, 7 and 8 were sampled as the control group. All of the participants were as- sessed with the Essen Trauma Inventory for Kids and Juvenile （ETI-KJ）, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emo- tional Disorders （SCARED）, and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children （DSRSC）. Results： The rates of PTSD （total scores of intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal of ETI-KJ 〉~27） and suspected PTSD （total score of intru- sion, avoidance and hyperarousal of ETI-KJ was 16 - 26） in the study group were higher than that in the control group （5.9% vs. 1.4%, 17.7% vs. 8. 3%, Ps 〈 0. 05）. The generalized anxiety factor scores and somatization/ panic factor scores of SCARD were higher in the study group than in the control group [（4. 8 ±3.6） vs. （4. 0 ± 3.4）, （4.4 ± 4. 4） vs. （3.6 ± 3.8）, Ps 〈 0. 05]. The DSRSC total score was lower in the study group than in the control group [ （8.8 ± 6. 2） vs. （9. 7 ± 5.6）, P 〈 0.05]. There were no statistically significant on the rates of anxie- ty （total score of SCARED ≥23） and depression （total score of DSRSC ≥15） between the two groups [（29. 6% vs. 27. 2%, 20. 0% vs. 20. 4% ; P 〉 O. 05]. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the students who were female （OR = 1.90）, having previous trauma experience （OR = 5.67） and being students of the study school （OR = 1.61） were more likely to get PTSD. Conclusion： It suggests that post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety and somatic/panic symptoms may occur in junior high school students after witnessing the big fn＇e disaster, which should be noticed when providing psychological support and crisis intervention after disaster.