杭州市青少年自杀问题现况调查

Suicidal issues status in adolescents in Hangzhou City

目的:了解青少年自杀问题的现况与相关因素。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取7335例在校学生,包括初中生2695名、高中生3937名、大学生703名。采用2004年中国疾病预防控制中心编制的《中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷》,对人口学资料、最近12个月内的自杀问题及相关因素进行调查。结果:本研究样本的自杀意念的检出率为14.3%,自杀计划的检出率为6.9%,自杀行为的检出率为2.1%,多次自杀行为的检出率为1.0%。自杀问题的相关因素分析发现:年级越低(OR=0.92)、求助行为越少(OR=0.62)、母亲受教育程度越高(OR=1.15)、孤独感越多(OR=1.41)、自我伤害行为越多(OR=1.40),自杀意念的检出率越高(均P<0.05);求助行为越少(OR=0.67)、孤独感越多(OR=1.21)、自我伤害行为越多(OR=1.49),自杀计划的检出率越高(均P<0.05);不安全感(OR=1.16)、失眠(OR=1.33)、抑郁情绪(OR=2.30)、自我伤害行为(OR=2.45)越多,自杀行为的检出率越高(均P<0.05);年级越高(OR=1.28),抑郁情绪(OR=3.78)、自我伤害行为越多(OR=2.53),多次自杀行为的检出率越高(均P<0.05)。结论:本研究显示杭州市青少年自杀问题的检出率较高,青少年自杀问题可能与孤独、不安全感、抑郁等负面情绪以及来自学校和家庭的压力和缺少社会支持等有关。

Objective： To investigate the current status and related factors of the suicidal issues in adolescents. Methods： Totally 7335 adolescents including 2695 middle school students, 3937 high school students, and 703 college students were selected by stratified random sampling in Hangzhou City. They were investigated with the Chinese Adolescents Health-related Behavior Questionnaire for their demographic information and suicidal is- sues information in the past 12 months. Results： The rates of suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, suicidal attempt and repeated suicidal attempts were 14. 3 %, 6. 9 %, 2. 1%, and 1.0% respectively. Lower grade （ OR = 0.92）, less see- king help （ OR =0.62）, higher level of mother＇s education （ OR = 1.15）, feeling lonely （ OR = 1.41） and hurting himself/herself （OR = 1.40） were related to higher rate of suicidal ideation （Ps 〈 0. 05）. Less seeking help （OR = 0. 67）, more feeling lonely （ OR = 1.21） and hurting himself/herself （ OR = 1.49） were related to higher rate of sui-cidal plan （Ps 〈 0. 05）. More feeling unsafe （OR = 1.16）, sleeplessness （OR = 1.33）, depression （OR = 2. 30） and hurting himself/herself （OR = 2.45） were related to higher rate of suicidal attempt （Ps 〈 0. 05）. Higher grade （OR = 1.28）, more depression （ OR = 3.78） and hurting himself/herself （ OR = 2. 531） were related to higher rate of re- peated suicidal attempts （Ps 〈 0. 05）. Conclusions： It suggests that the rates of suicidal issues in adolescents are rel- atively high in Hangzhou City, The suicidal issues among adolescents may be related to their negative emotions in- cludin~ loneliness, insecurity, and depression, pressure from home and school, and lack of social support.