圆锥滚子轴承的布置方式和轴向游隙的合理确定

Reasonable Selection of Arrangement and Axial Clearance for Taper Roller Bearing

圆锥滚子轴承的布置方式和轴向游隙的控制直接影响轴承的载荷分布、使用寿命,以及传动部件的运转性能和可靠性.以某传动装置中的一对圆锥滚子轴承为例,对其不同工况下的选配方案进行了优劣性比较;同时采用仿真计算的分析方法,从系统的角度对这对锥轴承的载荷分布、润滑、损伤率以及对齿轮运转产生的错位量进行了分析,认为主动锥齿轮轴采用圆锥滚子轴承"背对背"布置方式的支撑方案优于"面对面"方式的支撑方案,而且轴承的轴向游隙控制在0.05～0.07 mm范围内,可以确保轴承润滑品质和锥齿轮轴系啮合的稳定性.该传动装置经过跑车试验和台架性能考核试验后,圆锥滚子轴承和锥齿轮运行状态良好,证明了该圆锥滚子轴承的布置方案和轴向游隙控制的合理性.

The arrangement and axial clearance of taper roller beatings will directly affect beating load distribution, life time, and performance as well as reliability of transmission parts like gear box. The paper takes one pair of taper roller beatings in some transmission as an example to compare the advantage and disadvantage of different selections under different working conditions. Meanwhile, the paper makes a system simulation calculating analysis on load distribution, lubrication and damage percentage of these two bearings, as well as misalignment caused by gear running. It is derived from calculation results that the supporting scheme of driving bevel gear shaft adopting back to back arrangement taper roller bearings will be better than that adopting face to face arrangement taper roller bearing. Moreover, limiting the bearing axial clearance within a range from 0.05ram to 0.07mm could ensure the beatings a qualified lubrication and ensure the bevel gear a good engagement stability. After real running tests and performance bench tests, the taper roller bearings and bevel gears of this transmission still run well. This fact demonstrates that the arrangement and axial clearance of this pair of bearings are reasonable.