“以大观小”与“以道观之”——论沈括式中国特色透视观与庄子观物态度之关联

"Macro Observation into Details" and "Macro Observation with the Perspective of Taoism" ——On the Connection of Shen Kuo-type Perspective View with Chinese Characteristics andChuang Tzu's Attitude of Observing Objects

沈括在《梦溪笔谈.书画》中提出的"以大观小"论,是中国特色透视观的经典言论之一,体现了庄子"以道观之"的观物态度。"以大观小"之"大",正是"道"之大,只有"道"才具有小天下的大视野,才能穿越物我的藩篱,时空的界限,沟通物物的关系,建构起多向度、多层次的立体网状新视域;"以大观小"之"观",融哲学思想、心灵观照与视觉现象于一炉,而不纯粹发生在视觉领域。沈括式透视观,是庄子"以道观之"的哲学思想在绘画领域的落实。

Shen Kuo proposed his view of ＂macro observation into details＂ in his work Dream Pool Essays · Painting and Calligraphy, which is one of the classic statements of the perspective view with Chinese characteris- tics. It embodies the free perspective of Chuang Tzu＇s view of ＂macro observation with the perspective of taoism＂. The ＂macro＂ in ＂ macro observation into details＂ is the ＂macro＂ in ＂macro observation with the perspective of Tao- ism＂. The vision embodied in the world of Taoism can cross the barriers of time and space, and communicate the relationship between things, and construct a multi-direction, multi-layered and three-dimensional network perspec- tive. Therefore, the ＂observation＂ in ＂macro observation into details＂ integrates philosophy, spiritual reflection and visual phenomena rather than limited in the visual field. Shen Kuo-type perspective view is the implementation of Tzu＇s attitude of observing objects, namely, ＂observation of objects by objects＂, in the area of paintings.