论朱子哲学中的气质之性

Discussion of Postnate Nature in Zhu Xi's Philosophy

气质之性的说法起源于张载和二程,朱子对此又有所发展。朱子哲学中的气质之性首先指具于气禀之中的天地之性,即仁义礼智;其次,朱子所说的气质之性还包括了程颐在解释恶之来源时所说的"才"在里面;再次,朱子之气质之性还包含了张载和程颐所说的刚柔缓急之性。在朱子哲学中,这几种性不是相互独立的,而是交织在一起的。朱子早年的时候受张、程哲学的影响,将天地之性与气质之性看作是相互独立的,认为气质之性是由天地之性加气质构成;但在后期,朱子认为性只是一个性,即气质之性,而淡化了天地之性的说法。

The concept of postnate nature was proposed by Zhang Zai and the Cheng brothers and was developed by Zhu Xi. In Zhu Xi＇s philosophy, first of all, postnate nature refers to the innate nature in living beings, that is, Ren, Yi, Li and Zhi. Second, poslnate nature includes what Cheng Yi referred to as talent when he explained the origin of evil. Third, postnate nature includes what Zhang Zai and Cheng Yi called temperament. In Zhu Xi＇s philosophy, these different kinds of nature are not independent from each other, but are intertwined together. Under the influence of Zhang Zai and the Cheng brothers＇ philosophy, Zhu Xi considered postnate nature and innate nature as separate and regarded postnate nature as composed of innate nature and qi in his early time, but in his later time he argued that there was only one kind of nature, that is, postnate nature, and left out the emphasis on innate nature.