反垄断法视野下职业体育联盟的最优规模

A study of the optimal scales of professional sports leagues from the perspective of the antitrust law

传统理论认为,垄断将导致资源配置低效率、损害消费者利益。反垄断法的主要功能就是打击垄断、规范竞争。体育产业具有独特的生产结构与竞争平衡等特性。因此,该领域的垄断与反垄断问题也体现出与其它产业领域不一样的特点。职业体育联盟最优规模的数理模型说明,在某种情况下,恰恰是垄断规模才是职业体育联盟的最佳规模。此时,利用反垄断法打击垄断、引入竞争将会损害经济效率与消费者福利。

In traditional theories, it is deemed that monopoly will lead to the low efficiency of resource allocation and damage consumer welfares. The main functions of the antitrust law are to crack down monopoly and standard- ize competition. The sports industry is provided with characteristics such as unique production structure and competition balance. Therefore, monopoly and antimonopoly problems in this area show characteristics different from those in other industrial areas. The mathematical model of the optimal scales of professional sports leagues indicates that under a certain circumstance it is exactly the monopoly scale that is the optimal scale of a professional sports league. In such a situation, cracking down monopoly and introducing competition by utilizing the antitrust law will damage economic efficiency and consumer welfares.