清水河流域的污染状况及成因分析

Pollution Situation of Qingshui River Area and Cause Analysis

调查了清水河流域3条主要河段的水质状况,利用单污染指数法与综合污染指数法进行了评价.结果表明:3条主要河段均达到中度污染水平,其污染强度依次为十陵河道(MI=1.75)>人民塘支流(MI=1.71)>长林盘支流(MI=1.21);不同河段的污染特点、污染源也不一样,人民塘支流对氨氮、总磷、总氮、粪大肠菌群以及Cd、Cu、Hg、Cr6+、Pb、F、CN-等污染负荷的贡献较大,而长林盘支流对COD、BOD5、As等污染负荷的贡献较大.十陵河道汇集了来自上游河水及其沿岸的各种污染负荷,有机污染、金属污染、微生物污染和无机污染交叉并存,水质最差.据此,提出了相应的治理措施.

Water quality of three main reaches in Qingshui river area was investigated and assessed by using single-factor polluted index and synthesis polluted index. The results indicate that three main reaches in Qingshui River are moderately polluted, and their pollution intensity is as follows： Shiling branch （mean of synthesis pollution index （M1） = 1.75） is larger that that of People Tong tributaries （M1 = 1.71） ,which is larger than Lin plate tributaries （M1 = 1.21）. However, the characteristics of water pollution and sources of pollutants differ among different reaches;among three main reaches,People Tong tributaries have more con- tributiom to the pollution load such as arcanonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen,fecal coliform, cy- anide,fluorid and heavy metal pollution （e.g. ,cadmium, cupmm,hydrargyrum,chromium and plumbum）, while there is a greater contribution to chemical oxygen demand （COD）, biochemical oxygen demand （BOD） and arsenic, ete in Lin plate tributaries. Shiling branch centralizes a variety of pollution load, in- cluding organic pollution, metal pollution, microbial contamination and inorganic pollution and the water quality is the worst among main reaches. Some control measures were proposed according to the investigated results.