从中西文化差异看利玛窦等耶稣会士成功的历史偶然

An Observation of the Success of Matteo Ricci and his Jesuits as an Accidental Historical Event from Sino-western Cultural Differences

中西文化的核心差异是不同的政治权力结构——欧洲:教俗分权,一教独大;中国:皇权至尊,多教平等。利玛窦在《天主实义》中对天主、君王和生父之间的关系所作的阐述明显与中国儒家传统不同;在后来的实践中教权与皇权的矛盾也日益尖锐。中国统治者禁教乃是势在必行之举。利玛窦等耶稣会士成功地打开中国的大门,是由特定条件形成的一次历史的偶然事件。

The key difference between Chinese culture and Western culture was the different political structures-in Europe there were two powers： King and Pope; in China there was only one, Emperor. Matteo Ricci wrote his idea in Tianzhu Shiyi. In the later practices, there were also increasingly sharp contradiction between government and Church in China. So it was necessary that Christianity was forbidden in China by the rulers. The success of Matteo Ricci and his Jesuits fellows in China was an accidentally historical event. It happened by several accidental factors.