再论被消费的休闲——波德里亚休闲批判的反思

A Reconsideration of the Consumed Leisure——A Reflection on Baudrillard's Critique of Leisure

波德里亚对休闲的批判是以对物体系和对消费社会的批判为基础的,其实质是对休闲异化的批判。在消费社会中,休闲者的心理被重构了,休闲者丧失了主体性,休闲难逃全面物化的约束和控制。然而,休闲与工作是否同一?休闲是否能够为真?休闲者是被操纵还是反操纵?恰恰是异化劳动使人与人的自我发展相分离,使工作与人的自由创造相分离。休闲与工作既矛盾又统一。因此,休闲要与异化的劳动决裂;同时,休闲要回归到每日生活中去,与生活相融合。在理想社会中,休闲终将在自由的尺度上,与工作达成统一。一方面,消费社会加剧了休闲异化的可能,使休闲处于被消费的危险之中;另一方面,休闲正是消费社会的异己力量,是人们改变异化命运的有力武器,人们通过休闲活动来实现"反异化"。

Baudrillard's leisure critique is based on the system of matter and consuming society.The substance of his critique focuses on leisure alienation.In consuming society,leisure is totally restrained and controlled,while the leisure people's mentality is reconstructed.They are deprived of their subjectivity.His theory should be questioned.Are labor and leisure one and the same? Can leisure be authentic? And leisure people are manipulated or anti-manipulation? It is just alienation in work that makes man separated from his development and makes work separated from man's free creation.Leisure and work are contradictory and united.Therefore,leisure should be broken with alienation in work.It should be regressed to and merged together with daily life.In ideal society,leisure will be united with work on the dimension of freedom.The conclusion is:on the one hand leisure is in danger of being consumed because in consumerist society the possibility of leisure dissimilation is fortified;on the other hand leisure is just an alien force of consuming society and a weapon to change people's alienation fate.The people can realize their anti-alienation by leisure activities.