农村市民社会的成长与国家统治——以1990年代孟加拉国为例

The “Development” of Civil Society in the 1990s Bangladesh's Rural Area and the State Domination

随着亚洲后发国家开始步入发展与成长的轨道,关于"农村市民社会"的内涵正随着"弱者武器"式的讨论变得日益引人关注。其中尤以1990年代在孟加拉国大量兴起的NGO组织最为著名,从孟加拉国NGO组织的产生背景、具体作用及其与国家统治之间的关系出发,可以探讨在后发农业主导型国家实现市民社会的可能性。研究发现,在孟加拉国虽然出现了市民社会的组织形式,但是因缺少工业化背景下以资本控制为目标的"利益诉求"以及"利益诉求的公共性",导致这种市民社会的"成长"更多集中在"分配资本(解决问题)"的具体层面,而无法形成真正意义上市民社会。

As Asian late-developing countries have started entering an era of development and growth,how to define 'rural civil society' is becoming a wide concerned discussion topic.Especially in the 1990s,there emerged a lot of well-known non-governmental organizations,growing so rapid in Bangladesh.This paper makes a study on the possibility of civil society in late-developing agriculture-oriented countries through an analysis of backgrounds and specific roles of NGO as well as their relations with state domination.This paper argues that a real civil society can not be formed in Bangladesh at present,though there have been some organizations of civil society.This is because it is short of 'interest appeals' to capital controls in the context of industrialization and lacks the public character of 'interest appeal' either.The development of such a civil society can only focus on the specific level of 'capital distribution'.