行业垄断、技术进步与行业收入差距——基于工业二位数行业的分析

The Industrial Monopoly,Technical Progress and Industrial Income Gap——An Analysis Based on Two-digit Industries

工业技术进步与市场结构有关。中国垄断行业技术改进明显,但技术效率出现了恶化;而竞争性行业技术效率具有相对优势。技术改进拉大了行业之间的收入差距,而纯技术效率和规模效率的影响却相反,与前者出现了两极分化。行业收入差距扩大的一种路径是:行业垄断——资本深化——技术改进——行业收入差距。从技术进步与行业收入差距的关系观察,中国工业及其技术进步具有粗放特征。由于行业收入差距在时间上具有累积效应,因此,延迟改革的代价可能更高。

Generally,China's industrial sector has made significant technical progress and also increased the industrial income gap.The market structure will affect industrial technical progress.Those monopoly industries get obvious technical changes,but their technical efficiency has been deteriorated,while competitive industries obtain comparative advantages in technical efficiency.Technical changes have widened the trade income gap,but the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency have narrowed the gap on the contrary.A path widening the gap starts from industrial monopoly to capital deepening,then to technical changes,and then to trade income gap.From the view of the trade income gap and technological progress,China's industrial and technical progresses have an extensive feature.The cost of delaying reform may be higher due to the time cumulative effect of trade income gap.