云南省2001-2010年流行性乙型脑炎流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Japanese B Encephalitis in Yunnan Province from 2001 to 2010

目的分析云南省2001-2010年流行性乙型脑炎的动态变化趋势和流行病学特征,为探索有效的乙脑预防控制策略提供依据。方法对云南省2001-2010年法定传染病报告系统中的流行性乙型脑炎数据资料进行描述性分析。结果 2001-2010年共报告乙脑病例4 918例,死亡246例,年均发病率为1.1287/10万,年均死亡率为0.0563/10万;乙脑报告发病率总体呈逐年下降趋势,个别年份波动较大,病例主要集中在西双版纳州、德宏州、保山市、昭通市、文山州、普洱市和红河州等,发病季节性明显,6-9月为流行季节,以<15岁儿童发病为主,发病以散居儿童和学生为主。结论云南省乙脑发病率总体呈下降趋势,表明乙脑预防控制取得显著成效,但个别年份发病率波动较大,仍存在局部暴发流行的隐患,但发病率有所波动,在边境一线热带和亚热带地区乙脑的威胁仍然存在,应继续加强防控措施。今后几年应采取疫苗常规免疫和季节性突击接种相结合的措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and dynamic change trend of Japanese B encephalitis（JE） in Yunnan Province during the period of 2001-2010,and to provide the evidence for exploring the effective strategies of prevention and control JE. Methods The data concerning the prevalence and control of JE in Yunnan Province from 2001 to 2010 were collected and descriptively analyzed. Results There were altogether 4,918 cases of JE reported from 2001 to 2010.The death cases were 246,the annual average incidence rate was 1.1287/100,000 and the annual average mortality rate was 0.0563/100,000.The incidence rate showed a declining trend in general,but with fluctuations in some years.The cases were mainly distributed in the prefectures of Xishuangbanna,Dehong,Baoshan,Zhaotong,Wenshan,Puer and Honghe.The peak seasons of JE were from June to September.Most of the cases were the scattered children and students under the age of 15 years. Conclusions The incidence rate of JE in Yunnan Province shows a declining trend,but the threat of JE outbreak in local areas still exists.Prevention and control measures,including expanded programme on immunization and prophylactic immunization should be adopted.