道路建设对太白山国家森林公园植物多样性的影响

Impacts of road construction on plant diversity in Taibai Mountain National Forest Park

【目的】明晰道路建设对太白山国家森林公园植物多样性的影响程度,为植物多样性及植被的恢复提供依据。【方法】以公园红桦坪到下板寺之间道路两侧的植被为研究对象,运用典型样地法,在道路的边缘设置干扰样地3块,分别在3块干扰样地同侧水平距离50m或近无人干扰处设置对照样地3块,样地面积为20m×20m,在每块样地中又各设5个5m×5m的灌木样方和5个1m×1m的草本样方,对干扰样地和对照样地的植物群落进行对比调查,从物种组成、重要值、α多样性指数和相似性4方面进行统计与分析。【结果】与对照样地相比,干扰样地中总体物种数量仅少1种,为57种;乔木、灌木、草本中各物种的组成差异较大,有些物种在干扰样地中消失,但又有新的物种侵入;各物种的重要值变化无明显规律;物种多样性指数稍降低,其中乔木物种的多样性指数明显降低但不显著(P<0.05),灌木物种的Brillouin指数(H)显著降低,草本物种的Shannon-Wiener指数(H')、Brillouin指数(H)、Simpson指数(D)显著升高;物种相似性总体表现为干扰样地之间相似,对照样地之间相似。【结论】道路建设对太白山国家森林公园植物多样性造成了明显影响。

[Objective] The research is conducted to have a clear understanding of the impacts of road construction on plant diversity in Taibai Mountain National Forest Park and provide basis for the restora tion of plant diversity and vegetation. [Method] This study employs the method of special quadrats to carry out comparative research on the plant groups along the road from Xiaban Temple to Honghua Level Ground in Taibai Mountain National Forest park. Three disturbed quadrats are set at the edge of the road and three control quadrats are set at the same side of the disturbed quadrats, with a horizontal distance of 50 m or scarcely no human disturbance, the area of quadrat is 20 m × 20 m. In each quadrat, 5 shrub samples in the size of 5 m×5 m and 5 herb samples in the size of 1 m× 1 m are set to analyze the plant groups in the disturbed quadrats and control quadrats from such aspects as composition of species, importance value,diversity index,similarity and so on. [Result] The total number of species in disturbed quadrats is 57 ,only one less than that of control quadrats;the compositions of arbors, shrubs and herbs are considerably differ- ent, some species disappeared in the disturbed quadrats, yet new species appeared in the quadrats and the change of importance value doesn＇t show any obvious patterns. There also exists a little decrease in diversi- ty indices of species,among which the diversity index of arbor species has an obvious but not significant de- crease （P〈0. 05） ;the Brillouin index （H） of shrub species has a significant decrease;the Shannon-Wiener index （H＇）, the Brillouin index （H） ,and the Simpson index （D） of herb species have significant increase. The similarities of total species are witnessed between disturbed quadrats and control quadrats. [Conclu- sion] The research results prove that the road construction has an obvious impact on plant diversity in Taibai Mountain National Forest Park.