对亚当·斯密经济哲学思想的再探——从“经济人”到“道德人”

A Further Study of Adam Smith's Economic Philosophy Ideals—From Economic Man to Moral Man

文章对亚当·斯密在《国家财富的性质和原因的研究》(以下简称《国富论》)和《道德情操论》两部著作中的提出的"经济人"和"道德人",从人是两者的统一体这一思路进行了分析和阐述。提出了"经济人"中"利己"的人性假设包含着"道德人"的"利他"成分;而"道德人"中的"利他"却又常常意蕴着某种"利己"。并认为以亚当.斯密《国富论》为发端的西方经济学实际上存在两个假设前提:一是由"经济人"假设引致出的"看不见的手"——价格机制;二是由"道德人"假设引致出的另一只"看不见的手"——信用机制——它保证了市场自由交易能够长期实施。此外,文章从我国社会贫富分化的现实提出了在社会主义市场经济建设与完善的新阶段,应改变"以经济为中心"观念,从"走向致富之路"向"走向道德之路"转变。

In this paper, we analyze the economic man and moral man that mentioned in ＂The Wealth of Nation＂ and ＂Theory of Moral Sentiments＂ wrote by Adam Smith, from the viewpoint of regarding the person as the unity of both economic and moral man. We propose that the assumption of human nature of the economic man, that is self-interest, involves the altruism, and the altruism within themoral person also means some kind of self-interest. We believe that the western economics beginning with ＂The Wealth of Nation＂ in fact exists two invisible hands： one is the price mechanism from the assumption of economic man; another is the credit mechanism which ensures the transaction can be implemented for a long time from the assumption of moral man. In addition, we believe that we mustchange the mindset of the economy as the center transforming from toward the road to rich to toward the road to ethics according to the reality of the-rich and the-poor dividing in our nation during the new stage of building and improvement of Socialist market economy.