多民族国家的少数民族政策:中国与尼日利亚的比较分析

Ethnic Minority Policies of Multi-ethnic Countries:A Comparison of China and Nigeria

在多民族国家,民族结构的不平等现象是普遍存在的,大多情况下少数民族都处于弱势地位。因此国家的少数民族政策就成为能否减少不平等、优化民族关系的关键因素。由于每个国家国情与执政理念的差异,少数民族政策可大致划分为协调、替代及拒绝等不同类型。通过分析中国"协调政策"与尼日利亚"替代政策"的内容与效果、经验与教训,可为多民族国家少数民族政策的制定提供参照,也可以拓宽民族问题研究的理论视野。

The inequality of national structure exists universally in multi-ethnic country,ethnic minority often in weak status.Thus ethnic minority policy is of great significance to reduce inequality and optimize ethnic relationships.Ethnic minority policies can be classified into such types as coordination,replacement and refusal according to various national conditions and acts of governing.This paper compares the ＂Coordination Policy＂ of China and the ＂Replacement Policy＂ of Nigeria in contents and effect,experiences and lessons,thus to provide cross-reference and reflection for ethnic policy making,giving academic insights for the practices of ethnic policies in China,Moreover,it can broaden theoretical view of ethnic issues research.