矮寨苗语的差比句

On Comparative Sentence of Aizhai Hmong

矮寨苗语差比句的典型语序有"结果 +ηη22(和)+基准"和"pi44(比)+基准+结果"两类。前者是本语的,后者是借自汉语的。本语的基准标记ηη22"和"与苗语其他方言的基准标记没有同源关系,由动词ηη22"跟随"语法化而来。通过苗语三个方言以及跨境苗语的对比发现,基准标记pi44"比"是由汉借动词pi44"比"语法化而来。pi44"比"用作苗语差比标记的时间上限是清代。矮寨苗语之所以能够借用汉语的"pi44比+基准+结果"语序,语言接触只是外因,内因是矮寨苗语语言系统具有与之相似的语序。矮寨苗语差比句的典型语序有"结果 +ηη22(和)+基准"和"pi44(比)+基准+结果"两类。前者是本语的,后者是借自汉语的。本语的基准标记ηη22"和"与苗语其他方言的基准标记没有同源关系,由动词ηη22"跟随"语法化而来。通过苗语三个方言以及跨境苗语的对比发现,基准标记pi44"比"是由汉借动词pi44"比"语法化而来。pi44"比"用作苗语差比标记的时间上限是清代。矮寨苗语之所以能够借用汉语的"pi44比+基准+结果"语序,语言接触只是外因,内因是矮寨苗语语言系统具有与之相似的语序。

The typical word order of comparative sentence of Aizhai Hmong are two categories ＂ comparative result＋ηη22（和）＋ standard ＂ and ＂（比） ＋ standard ＋ comparative result＂.The former is the native language,the later is borrowed from Chinese.The standard mark of the native language ηη22＂和＂ has no marked homology basis with other Hmong dialects,is syntax of the verb ηη22＂跟随＂.It is found that standard mark pi44＂比＂is borrowed from the Chinese verb pi44＂比＂,by comparing three Hmong dialects and cross-border＇s Hmong.The time pi44＂比＂was used as a mark of comparative sentence is by the Qing Dynasty.Aizhai Hmong language having a similar system of word order with the Chinese language is its internal reason of why Aizhai Hmong have been able to borrow the word order＂ pi44 比＋ standard ＋result＂ from Chinese,and language contact is external.