风险感知研究中的心理测量范式

Psychometric Paradigm in the Research of Risk Perception

20世纪下半叶以来,风险因素空前增加,风险类型不断变化,风险危害程度激增。人们生存意识空前自我反省,在不断博弈、挣扎和冲突过程中修正发展的路线和方向。心理测量范式是风险感知的心理学探索中最有影响的方法论技术和研究取向。它倡导通过表达性偏好的风险研究方法,描述风险的主观属性,解释风险感知的各类差异。在几十年发展中,心理测量范式进行了方法论意义上的技术拓展以及相关研究主题内容的深化。心理测量范式的理论空间仍有待加强,应该在更加全面理解风险感知性质的基础之上,充分实现有效的风险沟通。

Since the second half of thel900s, risk factors have been increasing unprecedentedly, and the types of risk have been changing continually. Moreover, the degree of hazards has also been on a sharp rise. In constant self reflections, struggles and conflicts, people modify their conception of their existence. Psycho metric paradigm is methodologically the most influential technique and research orientation in the psychological quest for risk perception. It advocates risk assessment of expressed preference, describing the subjective at tributes of risk and interpreting various differences of risk perception. In the past few decades, the psychomet- ric paradigm has not only witnessed an expansion in methodology but also gained deeper understanding of its research issues. However, there is still large theoretic space to explore for the psychometric paradigm. In particular, effective communication can be achieved only after we make a comprehensive understanding of the na- ture of risk perception.