自我控制:内涵及其机制与展望

Self-control:Its Connotation,Mechanism and Prospect

自我控制是个体有意识地控制冲动行为,抵制满足直接需要和愿望的能力,其目的是为了执行能带来长期利益的目标指向的行为。目前阐释自我控制的机制最具代表性的理论是两阶段模型、双系统模型和能量模型,两阶段模型指出成功的自我控制依赖于识别自我控制的矛盾和诱发有效的自我控制策略两个阶段的加工;双系统模型认为自我控制结果是由冲动系统、自我控制系统以及特质或者状态调节变量之间的交互作用产生;能量模型提出自我控制依赖一种类似能量的有限资源,执行自我控制任务会引起能量的损耗;自我控制的脑机制表现为长期目标的执行与腹内侧前额皮层相关,对暂时诱惑的控制激活了背外侧前额叶皮层,暂时诱惑控制的失败和伏隔核关系密切。未来研究需深入解析自我控制的内涵,进一步探索自我控制的行为和脑机制,并研究自我控制的文化特性。

Self-control is the ability to attain deliberate control over impulses and abstain from gratifying immediate needs and desires.The aim is to enable people to engage in goal-directed behavior to bring about long-term desirable outcomes.The main theories of self-control mechanism include the two-stage model,the dual-system model and the strength model.The likelihood of self-control success would depend jointly on identifying self-control conflict and invoking effective self-control strategies.Behavioral self-control outcomes result from the interplay between specific situational and dispositional moderators,self-control strength and impulsive strength.Self-control depends on a limited energy resource.It exertion can lead to ego depletion.Goal-directed decisions have their basis in a common value signal encoded in ventromedial prefrontal cortex(vmPFC).Exercising self-control to temporary temptation activated dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC).The failure of exercising self-control to temporary temptation is related to the nucleus accumbens(Nacc).Future research should parse the meaning of self-control deeply,explore behavior and brain machine of self-control,investigate social culture trait of self-control.