从作格及物性看中国古代山水诗中的动静相生

Approaching the Static and Dynamic Images in Landscape Poetry through Ergativity and Transitivity Analysis

在优秀的中国古代山水诗中,诗人利用静态意象与动态意象的结合,创造了动静相宜的意境,而动态意象的塑造有赖于动词。通过对山水诗中动词的语态分析发现,在动态意象的塑造中,有些动词的词性模棱两可,出现了动词的施事者亦可以解释为动作的受事者的情况,由此创造了诗歌多义性之美。通过作格兼及物分析,探讨动词创造动态意象的功效,有助于理解中国古代山水诗中隐藏的动静之美。

Chinese picturesque landscape poems are well-known for their sensuous aesthetic mood,which is created by the skillful combination of static and dynamic images.Those dynamic images depend greatly on the creative use of verbs which usually render an ambiguity in the interpretation of their voices.The deliberate use of verbs both as the transitive and ergative words in the same stanza has enriched the vividness of aesthetic mood.The combination of transitivity and ergativity analysis provides readers a new perceptive to approach the creation of the static and dynamic images in Chinese poetry so as to appreciate the hidden beauty of traditional landscape poetry.