现代汉语中功能语类C的表征及相关理论问题

The Representation of Functional Category C in Mandarin and Related Issues

现代汉语包括普通话和各种汉语方言,两者都可作为跨语言研究的佐证。最简方案词库中的核心功能语类之一C在普通话中的表征并不明显,但从汉语方言入手寻找线索,再逐步扩展到普通话,通过英汉对比及现代汉语中某些特殊结构的生成就可以总结出:现代汉语有功能语类C的存在是合理的,其表征具体体现为方言中的"讲"、"说"和"话"等显性成分、普通话中的C#这个隐性成分以及语气词等;中心语参数的设定跟方向性问题密切相关,一切句法运算的指导原则都是经济原则。

Mandarin is composed of Putonghua and various Chinese dialects,both of which can be used as evidence in the across-language study. One of the core functional category C in the lexicon within minimalist program has no overt representation in Putonghua,but to find clues from the dialects of Mandarin,then extend them to Putonghua. With a comparative study of English and Chinese languages data and some special construction,a conclusion can be drawn that the existence of functional category C in Mandarin has its reasons,and that its representation is given as the overt elements like jiang （speak）,shuo（say）,hua （word）,etc in the dialects;or as the covert element C# in Putonghua and sentence-final particles. In addition,the parameter-setting of heads is closely related to directionality issues and all the syntactic computations are guided by the principle of economy