亲亲与尊尊:先秦儒家对父母服三年之丧礼意解读的再检讨

A Study of the Different Interpretations of the 3-year Mourning Period by Confucian Scholars of the Pre-Qin Dynasty

有关三年之丧的礼意解读,笼统地说不外"亲亲"与"尊尊"。然而,先秦的不同文献中,或有偏主"亲亲",或有偏主"尊尊"。就文献而论,有三种基本的立场:《丧服》经传主"尊尊"说,《论语.阳货》与《礼记.三年问》主"亲亲"说,而《丧服小记》、《大传》与《丧服四制》等《礼记》中的文献则主尊亲并重说。即便如此,在不同的文献中,"亲亲"与"尊尊"的具体内涵亦颇有出入。因此,当我们论及"亲亲"与"尊尊"之原则时,恐怕不可一概而论,而当根据其具体的文献背景来厘清其应有的内涵。

In the literature about the 3-year mourning period by Confucian scholars of the pre-Qin dynasty,there are mainly three interpretations of 'showing family loyalty to the late parents and respect for the senior'.These history books have different focuses and implications about this phenomenon and our understanding of their interpretations should take the historical context into consideration.