无机纳米颗粒作为非病毒基因载体的研究

Progress of Inorganic Nanoparticles as Nonviral Gene Delivery Vectors

理想的基因载体应具有无毒、高效、靶向性好、容易制备、价格低廉等优点,目前常用的基因载体分为病毒载体和非病毒载体两类。一种新型的非病毒载体——无机纳米载体有望发展成理想的基因载体。无机纳米颗粒作为基因载体能包裹、浓缩、保护核酸避免核酸酶的降解,并可介导目的基因在靶细胞内表达,几乎无毒性,制备简易,保存方便,表面积大,具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,稳定性好。对有关无机纳米颗粒作为基因载体的研究进行分类、归纳与整理,发现无机纳米颗粒作为基因载体具有广阔的应用前景。在开展生殖相关的研究中,正尝试采用该技术向多种细胞内导入如Calretinin基因和SiRNA的多个基因片段。

Ideal gene vector should be non-toxic, efficient, targeted and easy preparation, low price, etc. Viral and nonviral vectors are commonly used now. Those novel non-viral vectors including inorganic nanoparticles are expected to be developed into the ideal gene carriers. Inorganic nanoparticles as gene carriers can be used to wrap, concentrat, and protect the nucleic acid from nuclease degradation, and to mediate gene expression in target cells. Nanoparticles vectors are characterized by almost no toxicity, easy preparation, preservation convenient, large surface area, good biological compatibility and biodegradability, and stability. It has been indicated that the inorganic nanoparticles as nonviral gene dihvery vector has broad application porspects, based on systematic review and investigation on published literature in this field. We are trying to use this technology to a variety of genes or gene fragments, such as Calretinin gene and its siRNA into multiple gene fragments.