基于生态补偿的水库征地补偿研究——以黔中水利枢纽工程为例

A Study on Compensation for Expropriating Land for Reservoir Construction Based on the Standard of Ecological Compensation——A Case Study of Qianzhong Key Water Conservancy Project

耕地具有重要的生态服务价值,征地过程中对生态价值补偿的缺失,低估了耕地价值,是导致耕地快速非农化的原因之一.以机会成本作为度量耕地生态补偿标准的依据,考虑不同土地利用方式,并在一定程度上反映耕地质量差异,将水库淹没耕地划分为建设占用耕地、耕地和退耕还林地3种类型,界定建设占用耕地的机会成本为建设用地价格,耕地的为种植粮食的最高收益,退耕还林地的为我国退耕还林的补助额度.利用贵州省1995年至2000年的土地利用变化及社会经济截面数据,通过非农化率预测,分别得到3种地类的面积.研究结果表明,六枝县水库淹没耕地的机会成本为339 579元/hm2,水城县为352 127元/hm2,织金为171 274元/hm2,纳雍为310 676元/hm2,除织金县外,其他县份均略高于现行标准,以机会成本作为水库淹没耕地生态补偿标准具有较强的可操作性.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how to calculate the reasonable ecological compensation standard of expropriation land and provide new ideas for reforming the land acquisition system in our country and rebuilding ecological environment in reservoirs.The solution is to calculate the ecological compensation standard of expropriation land by opportunity cost.Taking into consideration the difference in income between different land use patterns and in the quality of the cultivated land,the flooded farmland in reservoir construction was divided into 3 types： construction land,cultivated land and farmland returned to forests.With Qianzhong Key Water Control Project as a case,based on the land use change data of Guizhou Province in 1995 and 2000,and the socio-economic pool data in the same period,the acreages of the 3 types of land were obtained.The results showed that average opportunity cost per hectare was 339579 RMB yuan in Liuzhi County,352127 RMB yuan in Shuicheng County,171274 RMB yuan in Zhijin County and 310676 RMB yuan in Nayong County,being 2-3 times the compensation standard of expropriation of land in force.It is concluded that the method described in this article can be applied to calculate the standard of ecological compensation of flooded farmland.