西北半干旱区主要农作物对气候暖干化的响应

Response of main crop growth to climate warming and drying in semi-arid region over the Northwest China

应用西北半干旱区33个气象站1951-2004年温度、降水等气象观测资料、气象灾害统计资料和不同海拔高度代表点主要作物生长发育观测资料,分析西北半干旱区主要气候要素变化规律,主要农作物对气候暖干化的响应。结果表明：西北半干旱区降水量近55a来年际变化趋势除个别地方外,绝大多数地区呈下降趋势,气温距平呈上升趋势。由于气候变暖,冬小麦越冬死亡率有所下降,冬小麦越冬天数有所减少,整个生育期缩短。生态气候环境变化比较有利于冬小麦生长。同时由于冬季气温升高也带来了冬小麦小穗发育不良,不孕小穗增多等不良影响。冬季气温升高对冬小麦生长发育产生了较大影响。气候暖干化使玉米各发育期日期提前,全生育期生长天数缩短。春秋季气温增高有利于马铃薯生长发育及产量形成。

Using temperature,precipitation,meteorological disasters 33 stations,data of and main crop growth data in 1951-2004,some characteristics of climate change and the response of main crop growth to climate warming and drying were analyzed.The results showed that precipitation displayed descendant tendency in most areas over semi-arid region of Northwest China.Temperature showed ascendant tendency.For winter wheat,the overwintering mortality was dropped,the overwintering days were reduced,whole growth period was shorted,the environment of ecological climate was turning to benefit to the growth of winter.Meanwhile bad influence to winter wheat growth such as spikelet was maldevelopment and sterile spikelet was increased and so on were also appeared under climate warming.The growth and development of winter wheat were seriously influenced because of winter warming.The every puberty of maize was advanced by climate warming.The temperature increase in spring and autumn was favourable for the potato growing and yield.