对虾池塘网箱养殖罗非鱼期间水体悬浮颗粒物的动态及对罗非鱼生长和存活的影响

Effect of total particular matter on growth and survival of tilapia in shrimp-tilapia cage poly-culture ponds

于2010年8-10月在广东省茂名市电白县鸡打港实验探讨了对虾-罗非鱼网箱混养池塘养殖期间水体中悬浮颗粒物（TPM）、颗粒有机物（POM）的动态变化及POM含量对罗非鱼生长和存活的影响。结果表明：（1）各池塘总颗粒悬浮物量（TPM）为（83.1±34.1）mg/L,变动于35.0~153.8 mg/L之间;颗粒无机物（PIM）含量为（34.3±11.8）mg/L,变化于19.0~54.0 mg/L之间,占总颗粒悬浮物的41.28%;浮游生物干重（PZ）波动在2.43~22.477 mg/L之间,平均值为（9.631±5.911）mg/L,其中浮游植物干重（DWP）为（8.987±5.983）mg/L,变动于2.298~22.105 mg/L之间,浮游动物干重（DWZ）为（0.645±0.607）mg/L,变动于0.018~2.724 mg/L之间;颗粒腐质与细菌量为（38.966±25.530）mg/L,变动于14.339~97.958 mg/L之间,占悬浮颗粒有机物的比例为81.77%。（2）407池网箱养殖吉丽罗非鱼的增重率和特定生长率均显著高于406、408池（P〈0.05）。3口池塘罗非鱼的存活率没有显著性差异。本研究旨在为对虾-罗非鱼池塘网箱混养模式的优化提供科学依据。

JI Tilapia is a new hybrid and salt tolerant species developed for culture and published in the 1 339th announcement of Agriculture Ministry of China in February 2010.We investigated the dynamics of total particular matter（TPM） and particular organic matter（POM） in 3 shrimp-tilapia poly-culture ponds（406,407,and 408） in Dianbai,Maoming City,Guangdong province between August and October,2010.In addition,we evaluated the effects of POM on the growth and survival of tilapia.The concentration of TPM ranged between 35.0 and 153.8 mg/L,（83.1±34.1） mg/L.The concentration of particular inorganic matter（PIM） ranged between 19.0 and 54.0 mg/L,（34.3±11.8） mg/L,and constituted 41.28% of TPM.The dry weight of plankton（PZ） ranged between 2.43 and 22.48 mg/L,（9.63±5.91） mg/L,and constituted 11.59% of TPM.The dry weight of phytoplankton（DWP） ranged from 2.298 to 22.105 mg/L,（8.99±5.98） mg/L,and constituted 10.81% of TPM.The dry weight of zoo-plankton（DWZ） ranged from 0.018 to 2.724 mg/L,（0.65±0.61） mg/L,and constituted 0.78% of TPM.Particular debris and bacteria ranged from 14.339 to 97.958 mg/L,（38.97±25.53） mg/L,and accounted for 81.77% of POM.The average rates of weight gain and specific growth were significantly higher in tilapia cultivated in the cages within Pond 407 than in the other two ponds.However,there were no significant differences in tilapia survival among the three ponds.