人类活动对上海市生物多样性空间格局的影响

Human impacts on the spatial pattern of biodiversity of Shanghai City

为了揭示人类活动对城市化地区生物多样性空间格局的影响及其景观生态学机制,文章将上海市作为研究对象,选择3个人类活动指标、3个主要类型生态系统的4个景观特征指标与8个生物多样性指标,探讨人类活动强度、野生动植物生境景观特征及生物多样性三者之间的相互关系。结果显示,人口增长和城市扩张对上海市生物多样性的空间格局产生了显著影响。在上海地区,人口密度较高、交通较为发达的区域,湿地和农田的景观连续性较低,生物多样性也较低,外来入侵物种丰度较高。这表明在快速城市化过程中,人类活动通过改变野生动植物栖息地景观质量来对区域生物多样性产生影响。本研究还显示,经济发展并非一定对生物多样性具有负面影响。因此,在保持经济发展的同时,通过优化产业结构与加强生物多样性管理,可实现对生物多样性有效保护。

Biodiversity is the foundation of human survival and social development.Aiming to reveal the human impacts on regional biodiversity spatial pattern and landscape ecology mechanisms of urbanized area,3 human activity index,4 landscape characteristics index of 3 main ecosystems（farmland,wetland and green land） and 8 biodiversity index were selected to study the relationships among human activity intensity,wildlife habitat landscape characteristics and biodiversity of Shanghai City.The results showed that population growth and urban expansion had significant impacts on the spatial pattern of region biodiversity.In Shanghai City,higher population density and traffic development lead to lower landscape continuity of wetland and farmland,lower biodiversity and higher invasive species abundances.With the rapid urbanization,human activities influenced regional biodiversity via changing wildlife habitat landscape ecological quality.However,economic development may not have a negative effect on the regional biodiversity in Shanghai.Therefore,it was an opportunity to realize effective biodiversity protection with the economic growth.At present,it is urgent to optimize industrial structure and strengthen biodiversity management.